Fold the flaps flat again and compare how the plane flies without them. Try flying the plane with the flaps folded at a slightly downward angle. How does this flight compare with the others? The flaps change the direction of the flight.
As the plane moves through the air, the flaps push against the air. With an equal force, the air pushes back against the flaps. To see what happens, hold the plane between, your thumb and forefinger at its balance point.
Fold the flaps upwards. With your fingers push against the flaps in the same direction, as the air would move. The back end of the plane is pushed down by your finger or by the air when the plane is flying.
Like a seesaw, when the back end of the plane is pushed- down, the front end of the plane comes up. The plane climbs. Fold the flaps downwards and again push against them with your fingers. This time the back end of the plane is pushed up. The front end points down and the plane dives. Change the angle at which you bend the flaps. Try flying the plane now. Add some paper clips to increase the weight of the plane and to see how the flaps help.
Fold one flap very slightly upwards and the other flap very slightly downwards. Fly the plane to see what effect the opposite-direction folds have. If the plane spins round, reduce the angle of the folds. Reverse the direction of the folds of each flap. Which way does the plane turn now? Try holding the plane at the balance point and pushing against the tilted flaps with your fingers to see why the plane turns. What effect would increasing or decreasing the size of the flaps have?
Try making the flaps longer or wider. If the flaps are very wide, the amount of drag increases greatly. Try it and see. Most real aeroplanes have flaps on their wings and on the horizontal stabilisers in the tail of the plane. The flaps on the wings are used to increase the lift during take-offs and landings, when the plane is moving at its slowest speeds.
Remember that the slower the plane moves through the air the less lift it gets. The pilot can vary the angle of the flaps to change the amount of lift. The flaps in the back edge of the horizontal stabilisers are called elevators. This allows the pilot to reach the altitude he wants and to adjust his height during flight.
Set alongside the lift flaps on the wings of the real plane is another set of flaps called ailerons. These are tilted in opposite directions to make the plane roll to the right or to the left. How did you use the flaps on your paper aeroplane in these three different ways? To show how still another part of an aeroplane works, make the same model as you did before but without the flaps.
This time, after you finish making the plane, fold the edges of the wings upward about one inch 25 mm from the ends. These right-angle folds act as vertical stabilisers. A vertical stabiliser makes the plane fly level and stops side-to-side swaying. The wings of your paper aeroplane act as horizontal stabilisers.
These help to prevent bumpy, up-anddown movements. Fly your plane with and without the upward folds to see what effect they have on the flight. They will work best out-of-doors on a slightly windy day. Try bending the stabilisers downwards instead of upwards.
Stabilisers work like the feathers on an arrow or the fins on the back of a dart. Cut a drinking straw down to a five-inch mm length. Throw it through the air as you would a dart.
It will probably wobble from side to side or flip end over end. Now cut four one-inch mm slits at right angles to each other at one end of the straw. From some stiff paper such as an index card, cut two 2-by Fold each strip in half-length wise.
Insert each strip into the end of the straw so that you get four fins at right angles to each other. Throw the straw in the same way as you did before. Compare the way the straw moves through the air with and without the stabilising fins. On your paper aeroplane you can use the back part of the vertical stabilisers to turn the plane left or right. Make a 0. Bend the folds slightly to the left. In which direction do you think the front of the plane will turn in flight? Now bend the f9lds in the other direction.
In a real plane there is usually one vertical stabiliser in the tail. The movable flap on the back edge of the stabiliser is called the redder. The rudder works in a way similar to that of the elevators. When the rudder is angled to the left, it pushes against the air. The air pushes back and the tail of the plane swings to the right.
When the tail of the plane moves right, the front of the plane moves left. Can you explain what happens when you angle a rudder to the right? Experiment with other minor changes in the basic design of your paper aeroplane. For example, make the body very narrow so that the wines become very wide. Do you get more lift this way? What happens if you make the body wide and the wings narrow? Try giving the wings a slight upward curve by gently rolling them over the edge of a table.
Does this improve the flight time? What happens if you keep increasing the curve? Remember that while you increase the amount of lift by curving the wing, you also increase the amount of drag. Can you overcome the greater amount of drag by throwing the plane harder to give it more thrust?
Try making your plane with different weights of paper. Use lightweight airmail, medium-weight typewriter paper, and heavyweight cartridge paper. Do they all fly equally well? Do some fly better with an easy throw and others with a harder throw? Try varying the angle at which you throw each plane.
If you can, launch a plane from a window or other high place. If you see a Google Drive link instead of source url, means that the file witch you will get after approval is just a summary of original book or the file has been already removed. Loved each and every part of this book.
I will definitely recommend this book to young adult, contemporary lovers. Your Rating:. Your Comment:. Just print it out again. We are here to share the joy of paper modeling with others, not to make money. The costs of the aircraft cover operation costs. We know we cannot prevent you from giving away or uploading these files.
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